What exactly is a Certificate of Analysis, and why does it matter?
A Certificate of Analysis — or COA — is a lab document that confirms what's actually in a product, and at what concentration. The key word is "third-party." Vendors can produce their own documents; those don't tell you much. A COA from an independent, accredited laboratory that you can verify separately is a different thing entirely. When I evaluate a vendor, I look for the lab's name, the test date, the specific compound tested, purity percentage, and any contaminant screens. If any of those are missing or vague, I note it.